CNA Unit 23,24,25 Flashcards

20 Feb.,2024

 

Term


During admission, who will be one of the first staff members the patient sees ?

Definition


NA

Term


During adminssion, NA responsible to check patient's

Definition


Vital signs, weight and height

Term


The most common  beds in health care facilities :

Definition


  • Gatch bed - operation may be done manually by turning the cranks ; they increase the risk of employee back injury
  • Electric bed - operated electrically
  • Low bed - commonly used in health care facilities for patients who are at risk of falls ; for patient who are at risk of falls

Term


The bed reduces the potential for friction and shear (Warm, dry air circulates through the material to maintain an even temperature and support the body evenly and the bed filled with a sand-like material). 

 

Provide comfort and faster healing of multiple pressure ulcers, flaps, grafts, burns, management of extensive skin disorders or fresh surgical wounds. It can be defluidezrd rapidly if CPR is necessary.

Definition


Clinitron bed

 

 

Term


Used for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment (Provide pressure relief for patients who have pressure ulcers, those who are at risk of pressure ulcers and some patients with burns), CPR is not effective :

Definition


A low air loss bed

 

 

Term


Patient using a low air loss bed must still

Definition


turned and positioned regularly to prevent skin breakdown.

Term


Clinitron and low air loss bed is type of

Definition


Therapeutic beds

Term


Fill laundry hampers no more than 

Definition


two-thirds full

Term


 Standard precaution or for NA safety during making the bed

Definition


  • Use body mechanic
  • Maintain a neutral posture and bend from the legs, not the waist. Avoid twisting.
  • Use a fitted bottom sheet, lowering the risk of back strain
  • Elevate the bed
  • Make one side of the bed at a time.

Term


Safety precaution during making bed

Definition


Make sure the bottom sheet and draw sheet (if used) are smooth and unwrinkled.

 

Wrinkles in bed linens can lead to discomfort and skin breakdown, especially for patients who must remain in bed.

Term


Heavy quilted cotton pad (flat or fitted),  some facilities do not use it because the bed mattress are covered with plastic or rubber, the purpose is to protect mattress from spills, secretions and excretions.

Definition


Mattress pad

Term


Half-size sheet placed over the center of the bed to reduce the number of changes needed for the bottom sheet.

Definition


Rubber or plastic draw sheet

Term


Half sheet place on the mattress between the lower shoulders to the area just below the buttocks. The purpose of this sheet is to protect the patient's skin from the waterproof sheet underneath and also be used or folded to form a lift sheet.

Definition


Linen draw sheet

Term


Soft absorbent paper pads with a plastic backing or heavy cotton pad. They are used to portect the bed linen for patients who are incontinent, use the bedpan or urinal when in bed, or have heavy drainage from a wound or surgical site.

Definition


Incontinent pad, underpad or bed protector.

The pads may also be called by their brand name, such as Chux (usually 30 to 36 inches square).

Term


Soft flannel or cotton blanket that is used for modesty and warmth during procedures in which the patient's body is exposed.

Definition


Bath blanket.

It is usuallu stored in the closet or bedside stand when not in use.

Term


May be used for decorative touch and to give the room a neat appearance :

Definition


Bedspread

Term


Placed between the mattress and bed frame to offer extra-firm support to the patient's back.

Definition


Bed boards

Term


Used to keep the weight of the linen off the patient's skin

Definition


Bed cradles

Term


Applied to the foot of the bed for patients who have special positioning needs or at risk for contractures.

Definition


Footboard

Term


Types of beds

Definition


  • Closed bed
  • Open bed
  • Surgical bed/post-operative bed
  • Occupied bed
  • Unoccupied bed

Term


Bed is made after an unit is cleaned (terminal cleaning) 

Definition


Closed bed

Term


Bed are often made while patients are up in a shower or chair

Definition


Unoccupied bed

Term


Bed like a sign saying "welcome"

Definition


Open bed

Term


Bed is made for a patient who is returning from surgery

Definition


Surgical bed/post-operative bed.

The bed should be left open and at strecher height.

Term


Purpose of bath :

Definition


  • Remove dirt and perspiration
  • Increase circulation
  • Provides the patient with mild exercise
  • Provides an opportunity for close observation

Term


Waterless bathing is also called

Definition


bag bath

Term


How many washcloths are supplied for waterless bathing

Definition


Eight (face, arms, legs, torso and genitalia)

Term


The order of bed bath

Definition


  • Face and neck
  • Far arm and hand
  • Near arm and hand
  • Chest and abdomen
  • Far leg and foot
  • Near leg and foot
  • Back and buttocks
  • Perineum

Term


Whirlpool tub 

Definition


 Therapeutic bath that is the most stimulating form of bathing for patients. 

Term


Benefits of whirpool bath

Definition


Maintaining a constant temperature and stimulating circulation.

  • Temperature of the water can be regulated to a constant 97ºF
  • The movement of the water stimulates circulation
  • Warm circulating water is relaxing and invigorating
  • It provides the value of whirpool activity with cleansing.

Term


Safety measures during bathing patients receiving special treatment (who receiving IV, drainage tubes, or receiving oxygen).

Definition


  • Do not put stress on the tube
  • Never lower the IV container below the level of the infusion site.
  • Never raise the drainage tube above the drainage side

Term


Standard precaution giving a whirpool bath

Definition


Disinfect the whirpool tub immediately before and after each use.

Cleaning the tub with the proper disinfectant solution.

Term


Safety precaution for the patient when giving a whirpool bath

Definition


Always fasten the safety belt when moving a patient into or out of a whirpool tub with  a hydraulic lift seat. The safety belt should remain fastened throughout the procedure

Term


Standard precaution for bathing patient

Definition


Make sure the shower or tub is cleaned before and after each use.

Term


Define oral hygiene

Definition


Cleaning and caring of the teeth, gum and inside surfaces of the mouth.

 

Term


Explain the result of the poor oral hygiene

Definition


Poor oral hygiene results in lack of appetite (foul taste spoils appetite), infection (infected gums, cavities, abscesses), weight loss (loss of teeth and infection affect chewing and taste), or difficult communication (patient aware of 'bad breath' so they don't talk).

Term


Equipment needed for oral hygiene

Definition


2 towels, cup of water, emesis basis, toothbrush, barrier paper towels, pair of gloves, tooth paste, tray table

Term


Equipment needed for mouth care (denture supplies)

Definition


2 towels, 2 pairs of gloves, denture brush, denture cup, denture, toothette, toothpaste, cup of water, tray table, emesis basin, barrier paper towels.

Term


Identify the observations when brushing teeth

Definition


abnormalities and pocketed food.

  • Tooth decay (blackened), any loose or broken teeth
  • Red or swollen gum
  • Sores or white patches in the mouth or on the tongue
  • Changes in eating habits
  • Poorly beating denture

Term


Purpose of oral care

Definition


  • Prevent infection in the mouth
  • Remove food particle and plague
  • Stimulate circulation of gum
  • Eliminate bad taste in mouth

Term


Halitosis

Definition


Bad breath

Term


Plague

Definition


Sticky, transparent bacterial film found on the teeth.

Term


Explain why oral hygiene helps meet the patient's basic needs

Definition


Not only is the mouth vital for eating, drinking, taste, breathing, verbal and non-verbal communication, saliva also has antibacterial properties and is part of the body’s defence against infection.Poor oral hygiene is well known to be associated with painful, unpleasant diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries, halitosis and xerostomia and, more recently, has been linked to chest infections and pneumonia.

 

Term


Explain purpose of flossing

Definition


Removing debris between the gaps of  teeth, is  effective in  reducing build-up of plague and reducing the likelihood of gingivitis.

Term


Providing mouth care to unconscious patient, ensure the patient safety 

Definition


1. Assessing the patient's gag reflex. 
2. Inspecting the patient's oral cavity. 
3. Placing the bed into a flat position. 
4. Providing appropriate suction equipment.

Term


Providing oral care to unconscious patient

Definition


  • First determine if patient has denture or partial plate.
  • Position patient in the  lateral with the head turn toward the side to provide for drainage and prevent aspiration.
  • Oral suctioning may be required for the unconscious patient to prevent aspiration.

  • A soft toothbrush or gauze-padded tongue blade may be used to clean the teeth and mouth.

Term


Aspiration

Definition


Accidental sucking fluid or food during inhalation.

Term


When  mouth care should be given to unconscious patients

Definition


q2h every two hours or prn whenever necessary

Term


Special measures you need when handling dentures.

Definition


Check of sign of  broken teeth, cracks, sharp edges or missing name label, or other problem report to nurse charge.

Bedtime is usually a good time to clean dentures, since it is best if they are left out for 6 to 8 hours each day to allow the gums some time to rest to help avoid irritation or infections of the soft tissues.

Dentures can also be soaked in water with a denture cleaning tablet if desired, but soaking alone will not remove plaque, so this should only be done after brushing.

When dentures are not in the mouth, they should be kept in clean water with or without denture cleaner in a plastic denture cup, since drying them out may change the fit. Denture cleaners must also be completely rinsed off before the dentures are placed back in the mouth.

Term


How to give denture care 

Definition


1. Denture are best clean over a sink half filled with water and with a towel or wash cloth lining in the sink to act as a cushion in case denture should drop.

2. Gently scrub the denture with the denture brush and paste under running water. Being careful to brush both of the inside and outside to remove food, plague and denture adhesive then rinse them under cool water. Do not soak or rinse denture under hot water, since this may effect their shape and fit.

3. For partial denture with metal clasps, also becarefully to brush around the clasps to remove food and plague.

Term


Denture adhesive

Definition


help the denture stay well.

Too much or not cleaning denture adhesive each day  will lead to gum irritation, infection, unpleasant and affect the test of food.

Term


Use denture adhesive

Definition


1. Make sure the dentures are clean and moisten them with little water.

2. Apply three or four small ribbons of adhesive paste evenly towards both the front and back.

3. Have the resident place the dentures in the mouth and bite their teeth together to seat the dentures correctly.

Term


Bathing is important for meeting basic needs

Definition


1. Eliminate dirt

2. Eliminate body odor

3. Refreshes the patient

4. Stimulates circulation and helps prevent bed sores

5. Exercise muscles that otherwise may not be used

Term


Areas washed when giving a partial bath are :

Definition


  • Face, hands and axilla
  • Feet
  • Back - include back rub
  • Perineal area - includes thighs
  • If patient is heavy, the skin folds under the brest and abdomen

Term


Measuring height a patient who is badly conracted in the fetal position 

Definition


Use a tape measure when the patient is in the side lying position, measure the body in two or three segments, measure from the top of the head to the waist and then write down the number, measure the distance from the waist to behind the knees, write down, from behind the knees to the bottom of the heels.

Term


Proper cleansing of the teeth and mouth helps

Definition


  • prevent tooth decay (caries)
  • Eliminate bad breath (halitosis)
  • Contribute to the patient's comfort

Term


The proper method of using the floss to clean between the teeth

Definition


Floss is wrapped around the middle fingers

 

Note :floss is wrapped around the index fingers to clean  the botom teeth

Term


Remove denture

Definition


Upper denture : Downward and then forward and remove them from the mouth

Lower denture : Upward and then forward and remove them from the mouth

Term


Cleaning denture

Definition


place towel or washcloth in the bottom of the basin to protect the denture, fill the sink half full with cool water. Rinse denture under cool running water.

Term


Shaving can be done with

Definition


  1. Electric razor (wearing gloves is usually not necessary)
  2. Non-electric razor
  • always wear gloves when shaving patients with a nonelectric razor
  • discard the razor in a puncture resistant (sharps) container

Term


Shaving a male patient starting in front of ear :

Definition


  • Hold skin taut and bring razor down over cheek toward chin

  • Use firm, short strokes.

  • Shave in direction of hair growth

  • Shave from the nose to the upper lip in short,

    down-ward strokes

  • Shave the chin in downward 

     strokes

  • Stroke up 

    the neck area

     

    toward the chin

Term


Brushing the hair

Definition


  • Working with one section at a time
  • Grasp the hair near the scalp to reduce pulling
  • Start combing or brushing tangles out

    starting at the ends and working toward the scalp

  • if the hair tangles applying a small amout of alcohol or oil (

    examples : apply baby oil to the scalp, not the hair

    )

Term


Device placed between the mattress and bed to keep the feet at right angles to the legs (natural standing position)

Definition


Footrest or footboard

Term


The muscle in the calf of the leg tends to tighten causing the toes to point downward

Definition


Foot drop

Term


Elevates an area of the body off the surface of the bed

 

Definition


Bridging

It is useful for patients with healing pressure ulcers, used for sacrum, hips, heels and ankles (using pillows, foam props and bath blankets to support an area).

Term


Bedpan

Definition


Orthopedic (fracture) - narrow end is positioned under the patient's buttocks, with the handle end facing the foot of the bed

Bedpan - buttocks should rest on the rounded shelf of the regular bedpan

Term


Giving and receiving the bedpan

Definition


  • Do not let bedpan uncover
  • Do not place bedpan on the bedside table or overbed table
  • Place protector on the chair and put bedpan on the chair

Term


Water temperature  in the whrilpool tub

Definition


97ºF to 100ºF

Term


Do not pour liquid soap or shampoo into the whirpool tub, use

Definition


low-suds or no-suds product

Term


During patient bathing room temperature should be

Definition


70º F

Term


Water temperature for bathing, perineal care, nail care

Definition


105º F

Term


During female perineal care

Definition


  • keep the labia separated as much as possible
  • Every single wash turn the washcloth to a clean are 
  • Wash the

    center

    , using

    single downward stroke from top to bottom

  • Wash the

    far side of the labia

    ,

    using a single downward stroke from top to bottom

  • Wash the

    near labia

    , using a

    single downward stroke from top to bottom

  • Expose the anal area

    stroking from perineum to coccyx (front to back)

 

Term


If  a urinary catheter is present during perenial care

Definition


  • wash, rinse, and dry the perineal area surrounding the urinary meatus and catheter
  • Change the wash cloth
  • Beginning at the urinary meatus, wash down the catheter approximately 3 to 4 inches, use single downward stroke
  • continue with perineal care.

Term


Assisting with routine oral hygiene

Definition


  • Insert the toothbrush into the mouth with bristles

    pointing downward

  • Turn the toothbrush with bristles toward teeth
  • Place the head of the goothbrush beside the teeth, with the bistle tips at a 45º against the gumline. Using brush

    back and forth in short strokes

    several times, a gentle scrubbing motion.
  • Use the "toe" end of the brush to clean the inner surfaces of the front teeth, using a gentle

    up-and down motion.

  •  Brush the fronth of the tongue gently if tolerated, avoid the back of the tongue, may cause

    gagging and coughing

Term


Assisting with special oral Hygiene

Definition


Use toothettes or lemon-glycerine applicators.

 

Note : lemon glycerine swabs  are drying, and should not be used frequently.

Term


How to remove denture

Definition


  • To remove upper dentures, grasp the dentures firmly, ease them downward and then forward, and remove them from the mouth
  • to remove lower dentures, grasp the dentures firmly, ease them upward and then forward and remove them from the mouth
  • Insert upper denture first

Term


Applying lotion to the patient's skin

Definition


  • Never rub red areas that may be stage I pressure ulcers
  • Avoid massaging the legs (gently pat it on), massage can cause complications related to blood clots.
  • Avoid putting lotion vetween the toes, lotion keeps the area moist, which promotes fungal growth

Term


Backrub

Definition


Using long, soothing upward strokes and a circular motion on the downstroke

Term


PM care also call

Definition


HS (Hour of Sleep) care 

Term


Tooth decay 

Definition


Caries

Term


Routine oral hygiene (including brushing and flossing the teeth) should be performe

Definition


3 times a day

Term


Patient requiring more frequent oral hygiene inclode who are

Definition


  • Unconscious
  • Vomiting
  • Experiencing a high temperature
  • Receiving sertain medications
  • Dehydrated
  • Breathing through the mouth
  • Receiving Oxygen
  • Receiving tube feeding 
  • Dying

Term


To prevent accidental airway obstruction by the denture 

Definition


Always remove dentures from a comatose patient

Term


Special oral Hygiene 

Definition


is the cleansing of the mouth of the helpless patient using commercially prepared lemon and glycerine swabs, toothettes and other preparation.

Term


1 foot = ___ inches

1 lbs    = ___ pounds

Definition


1 foot = 12  inches

1 lbs    = 16 pounds

Term


Measuring weight with an electronic wheelchair scale

Definition


  • determine and record empty wheelchair by weighing it on the scale
  • Record weight of the patient and wheelchair
  • Substract the wheelchair weight to obtain the patient's weight

Term


Male perineal care

Definition


 

Area between the scrotum and the anus

 

Circular motion begining with the urinary meatus, working outward over the glans (head of the penis). Continue to wash down the penis and the rest of the perineal area, including the scotrum, using downward strokes and working outward to the thighs.

 

Expose the anal area, wash the area, stroking from perineum to coccyx (front to back).

Term


When giving perineal care, always wash from the most

Definition


clean area to the least clean

Term


Providing Hand, Foot and Nail care

Definition


 

Clipped straight across, then rounded at the edges with an emery board.

Push the cuticles back with a wash cloth or the dull end of the orange stick

Term


During nail care instruct the patient to put hands in the basin and soak for approximately 

Definition


5 minutes

Term


During making bed provides space for movement of the feet. For bedfast patients, the extra space reduces the risk of constractures and pressure ulcers.

Definition


Toe pleat

Term


Tuck in the top sheet and blanket at the foot of the bed and

Definition


miter the corner

Term


Fold the top sheet back over the blanket, making

Definition


8-inch cuff (stitch facing up, when it fold the stitch face down)

Term


The order of bedmaking

Definition


  • Fitted sheet
  • Draw sheet
  • Incontinent pad
  • Top sheet
  • Blanket
  • Pillow

Term


Prepare the surgical bed by fanfolding the covers to 

Definition


the far side of the bed

Raise the bed to stretcher height

Term


Remove the soiled linen by rolling the edges 

Definition


inward

Keep soiled linen away from your uniform

Term


Open the closed bed by drawing the bedding to the 

Definition


foot of the bed and fanfolding it

Term


Sheet should be smoothly tucked in over the head of the mattress

Definition


12 to 18 inches

Term


If draw sheet or lift sheet is used, it should be placed so that it covers the area under the patients

Definition


shoulders to buttocks

Term


Top bedding in surgical bed is 

Definition


untucked and fanfolded

Term


During assist patient to the bedside commode, position the bedside commode :

A. Facing the foot of the bed

B. Facing the head of the bed

C. 30º angle toward the bed

D. None of the above

Definition


B. Facing the head of the bed

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